Plants

Conifers are among the oldest, tallest, most massive, and longest-lived organisms on Earth. They dominated the planet’s forests long before flowering plants evolved, and today they still cover more land area than any other group of trees — forming the vast boreal forests of North America, Russia, and Scandinavia, the great temperate rainforests of the … Read more

Deciduous conifers are one of the botanical world’s most fascinating paradoxes — cone-bearing trees that shed their needles each autumn, combining the architectural structure of a conifer with the seasonal drama of a deciduous tree. They represent a small but extraordinary group within the greater conifer family, and their autumn color — golds, ambers, rusts, … Read more

Deciduous shrubs are woody plants that shed their leaves each autumn and regrow them in spring, cycling through a dramatic sequence of seasonal changes that makes them among the most dynamic and rewarding plants in the landscape. Unlike evergreens, which offer constancy, deciduous shrubs offer spectacle — spring flowers on bare branches, summer foliage and … Read more

Texas is one of the most botanically diverse states in America, spanning ten distinct ecological regions — from the humid Piney Woods of East Texas and the lush Hill Country to the scorching Chihuahuan Desert of the Trans-Pecos and the subtropical Rio Grande Valley. This extraordinary range of climates, soils, and rainfall means that shrub … Read more

Fall is one of the finest seasons for planting shrubs. As air temperatures cool and rainfall increases, the soil remains warm enough to encourage root development without the stress of summer heat. Shrubs planted in autumn establish strong root systems before winter dormancy and emerge in spring with a head start, typically outperforming the same … Read more

Not all succulents are delicate houseplants destined for sunny windowsills. A remarkable number of fleshy-leaved and spiny plants are built to endure genuine winter cold, surviving freezing temperatures, snow, and ice outdoors before bouncing back with vigor each spring. The succulents below are proven cold-hardy performers — many tolerating temperatures well below zero — and … Read more

Zone 8 gardeners enjoy mild winters with temperatures that occasionally dip to 10–20°F (-12 to -7°C). While many succulents are strictly tropical, a surprising number are cold-hardy enough to survive zone 8 winters outdoors with little to no protection, returning reliably each spring. In other words, Zone 8 is a warm, mostly mild hardiness zone … Read more

Plant families group vegetables that share common ancestry, structural characteristics, growth habits, pest vulnerabilities, and nutritional profiles. Understanding vegetable families helps gardeners practice crop rotation, recognize related pests and diseases, and appreciate the remarkable diversity of edible plants. Below is a comprehensive guide to every major plant family that includes cultivated vegetables. List of Vegetable … Read more

Picture: Dungeness Crab At California State Capitol Museum Crabs are crustaceans belonging to the order Decapoda, with over 6,700 species worldwide. They’re known for their hard exoskeleton, ten legs (including two claws), and side-walking gait. From oceans to forests, crabs have adapted to nearly every environment, showcasing incredible evolutionary variety. Marine crabs, like the blue … Read more

Origin & Introduction Diabolo Ninebark is a cultivar of Physocarpus opulifolius, a species native to the eastern and central regions of North America. The cultivar itself, however, was selected and developed in the Netherlands during the late 1980s and introduced to the horticultural market in the early 1990s. Its dramatic, near-black purple foliage was an instant … Read more