Fragrant Sumac (Rhus aromatica) is classified within the Anacardiaceae family, the same family as other sumacs, poison ivy, and cashews. This species is distinguished by its aromatic leaves when crushed, which gives it its common name.
This sumac is native to North America, stretching from Quebec in Canada to South Dakota in the U.S., and southwards to Texas and Georgia. It’s commonly found in dry, rocky woods, prairies, and along slopes, adapting well to a variety of ecological niches.
Native Americans used Fragrant Sumac for medicinal purposes, including treatments for respiratory issues, skin conditions, and as an astringent. The aromatic leaves were also used for fragrance. Over time, its ornamental qualities, particularly in landscape architecture, have been recognized, making it a popular choice for gardens and public spaces.
Fragrant Sumac is a low-growing, deciduous shrub that typically reaches 2 to 6 feet in height, with some varieties spreading much wider. It has trifoliate leaves that emit a pleasant fragrance when crushed, reminiscent of citrus or spice. In spring, it produces small, yellow flowers that are dioecious, meaning male and female flowers are on separate plants. The female plants bear small, red drupes that persist into winter, providing interest and food for wildlife.
It’s hardy in USDA Zones 3 through 9, showcasing its adaptability to a wide range of climates from cold northern winters to warmer southern conditions.
With proper care, Fragrant Sumac can live for several decades, often exceeding 30 years. Its suckering habit allows for longevity and spread, creating dense thickets that can persist over time.
Landscape Uses
Fragrant Sumac has numerous applications in landscaping:
- Ground Cover: Varieties like ‘Gro-Low’ are perfect for ground cover, especially on slopes where erosion control is needed. Its spreading habit covers ground effectively while preventing soil erosion.
- Ornamental Value: Its fragrant leaves, attractive fall foliage (turning shades of orange, red, and purple), and persistent red berries make it an appealing choice for ornamental gardens.
- Wildlife Habitat: The berries are a food source for birds, and the dense growth offers shelter for small mammals, contributing to local biodiversity.
- Screening: Can be used as a low hedge or privacy screen, particularly in naturalistic or cottage-style gardens, where its informal growth habit complements the design.
- Xeriscaping: Its drought tolerance and ability to thrive in poor soils make it ideal for low-water landscapes, promoting sustainable gardening practices.
- Restoration Projects: Fragrant Sumac is often planted in restoration projects to reclaim degraded lands, stabilize slopes, and enhance native plant communities.
- Fragrance: The aromatic leaves can be used for sensory gardens, where the scent is part of the garden experience.
Fragrant Sumac (Rhus aromatica): Cultivation
Choosing the Right Spot
Select a location that gets full sun to partial shade. Fragrant Sumac prefers sunny areas for optimal growth and color, but it can tolerate some shade, particularly in the afternoon or in warmer climates.
Soil Preferences
This sumac is quite adaptable to different soil types, including poor, rocky, sandy, or clay soils. It thrives best in well-draining conditions but can manage in less ideal soils, making it suitable for challenging landscapes.
Planting
Plant in either spring or fall, ensuring the root ball is level with the soil surface. Dig a hole slightly larger than the root system, place the plant, backfill with soil, and water to settle the soil around the roots.
Watering Needs
Water young plants regularly until they’re established. Once matured, Fragrant Sumac is very drought-resistant, requiring watering only during prolonged dry spells. Overwatering should be avoided to prevent root rot.
Spacing
Space plants according to the variety; for ground cover types like ‘Gro-Low’, space them about 3 to 6 feet apart to allow for spreading. For larger varieties, give them more room, but remember they will spread via suckers.
Mulching
Use mulch around the base to conserve moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature. Keep mulch away from the stem to avoid moisture buildup around the trunk.
Pruning
Pruning can be minimal; however, to maintain shape or size, prune in late winter or early spring before new growth. Remove deadwood or unwanted suckers to control spread, especially in formal gardens.
Fertilization
Generally, fertilization isn’t necessary due to its adaptability to nutrient-poor soils. If growth appears stunted, a light application of a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring might help.
Pest and Disease
Fragrant Sumac is relatively pest-free, but watch for aphids or scale. Fungal issues like powdery mildew can occur with poor air circulation; ensure good spacing and avoid overhead watering.
Propagation
Propagation can be done through seeds, which require stratification, or through softwood or hardwood cuttings. Suckers can also be dug up and transplanted, offering a natural way to increase plant numbers.
Controlling Spread
Since Fragrant Sumac spreads through root suckers, consider using root barriers or regular sucker removal to control its expansion in confined spaces. This is particularly crucial in smaller or more structured gardens.
Winter Protection
In its hardiness zones, it’s quite cold-hardy. However, young plants or those in very exposed locations might benefit from a layer of mulch for root protection. The plant’s natural hardiness means it generally doesn’t require much winter care.