Pachysandra is a genus of five species of evergreen perennials or subshrubs, belonging to the boxwood family Buxaceae. The species are native to eastern Asia and southeast North America. It spreads via underground rhizomes, forming a dense mat that can suppress weeds.
Pachysandra terminalis, commonly known as Japanese spurge or simply Pachysandra is a popular evergreen ground cover often used in landscaping, particularly in shaded areas where grass might struggle to grow. The leaves are ovate to obovate, typically dark green, glossy, and arranged in a whorled or crowded pattern at the stem tips. They can have a slightly toothed margin towards the apex.
Pachysandra produces small, white flowers in early spring. These flowers are not particularly showy but have a pleasant, somewhat sweet fragrance. They grow on short spikes (terminal racemes).
Pachysandra spreads through underground runners (rhizomes), forming a thick carpet over time. It grows to a height of about 6 to 12 inches (15-30 cm) and can spread indefinitely if conditions are favorable. Typically hardy in USDA zones 4 to 8, though this can vary slightly by cultivar. It thrives in partial to full shade but can tolerate some morning sun.
The dense growth habit of Pachysandra helps in suppressing weeds, reducing the need for frequent weeding. Effective in preventing soil erosion on slopes or in areas with poor soil structure. Even in snowy conditions, once the snow melts, Pachysandra often looks as green and vibrant as ever, providing a visual interest in winter gardens.
Uses in Landscaping
- Its primary use is as a ground cover, particularly in areas where grass won’t grow due to insufficient light.
- On slopes or uneven terrains, Pachysandra can be planted to prevent soil from washing away.
- It can serve as an attractive border along pathways or as a living mulch under shrubs and trees, providing a neat, uniform look.
- It pairs well with other shade-loving plants like hostas, ferns, and hellebores, creating texture and color contrasts.
Care
- Soil: Prefers well-drained, humus-rich soil but can adapt to various soil types, including clay and sandy soils.
- Watering: Requires regular watering until established, but once settled, it’s relatively drought-tolerant, although it performs best with consistent moisture.
- Maintenance: Although low-maintenance, occasional pruning might be necessary to remove any brown or dead leaves, which can occur particularly in harsh winters.
- Pests and Diseases: Generally resistant to pests, though it can be susceptible to fungal diseases like leaf blight if conditions are too humid or wet. Watch out for voles, which can damage the roots.
Propagation
- Division: Can be propagated by digging up and dividing clumps in the spring or fall.
- Cuttings: Stem cuttings can also be taken in late spring or early summer. Rooting hormone might help in establishing new plants.
Considerations
- Invasiveness: In some regions, Pachysandra can become invasive. It’s crucial to check local regulations or recommendations before planting, especially if you’re near natural areas.
- Variegated Varieties: There are variegated forms like ‘Variegata’ which offer a more decorative look with lighter green or white-edged leaves.