Ficus trees, belonging to the Ficus genus in the Moraceae family, are among the most diverse and popular plants for both indoor and outdoor settings. With over 800 species, these evergreen trees and shrubs originate from tropical and subtropical regions, including Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Known for their attractive foliage, unique growth habits, and adaptability, ficus trees range from compact houseplants to towering outdoor specimens.
Why Choose Ficus Trees?
Ficus trees offer unmatched versatility, from compact bonsai to towering shade trees, fitting both indoor and outdoor spaces. Their air-purifying qualities, as noted in NASA’s clean air study, remove toxins like benzene, enhancing indoor air quality. Ficus add aesthetic appeal, complementing modern, tropical, or traditional decor, and their longevity (up to decades with proper care) ensures lasting beauty.
General Care Tips for Ficus Trees
Ficus trees thrive in bright, indirect light, though some, like Ficus benjamina, tolerate lower light. Water when the top 1–2 inches of soil are dry, using a well-draining mix with a pH of 6.0–6.5. Maintain temperatures between 65–85°F and moderate to high humidity, misting or using a humidifier for indoor plants. Fertilize monthly during spring and summer with a balanced fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10), reducing in winter. Prune to shape and remove dead leaves, and monitor for pests like spider mites or scale, treatable with neem oil. Most ficus are toxic to pets, so place them out of reach. Rotate indoor plants for even growth, and avoid sudden changes in light or temperature to prevent leaf drop.
Types of Ficus Trees
Ficus Benjamina (Weeping Fig)
Ficus benjamina, commonly known as the Weeping Fig, is a beloved indoor tree prized for its graceful, drooping branches and glossy, dark green leaves. Growing 3–6 feet indoors or up to 60 feet outdoors in USDA zones 10–12, this ficus thrives in bright, indirect light and prefers well-draining soil. Water when the top inch of soil is dry, and maintain moderate humidity to prevent leaf drop, a common response to stress. Its slender, arching branches make it ideal for corners or as a focal point in modern interiors.
Ficus Elastica (Rubber Plant)
The Rubber Plant, or Ficus elastica, is a striking houseplant with large, glossy, dark green leaves that can grow up to 12 inches long. Reaching 6–10 feet indoors or 50–100 feet outdoors in zones 10–11, it prefers bright, indirect light to maintain its vibrant foliage. Water when the top 1–2 inches of soil are dry, using a well-draining mix, and wipe leaves to keep them dust-free. This ficus is perfect for adding a bold, tropical vibe to living rooms or offices.
Ficus Lyrata (Fiddle Leaf Fig)
Ficus lyrata, the Fiddle Leaf Fig, is a trendy houseplant known for its large, violin-shaped leaves with a leathery texture. Growing 6–10 feet indoors or up to 40 feet outdoors in zones 10–12, it demands bright, indirect light and consistent care to thrive. Water when the top inch of soil is dry, and ensure high humidity to prevent leaf browning. Its broad, veined leaves make it a statement piece for spacious rooms or minimalist interiors.
Ficus Microcarpa (Ginseng Ficus)
The Ginseng Ficus, or Ficus microcarpa, is a unique indoor bonsai with a thick, bulbous root base resembling ginseng and small, glossy green leaves. Typically 1–3 feet tall indoors, it thrives in bright, indirect light and well-draining soil. Water when the soil is slightly dry, and mist regularly to boost humidity. Its compact size and sculptural roots make it ideal for desks or bonsai displays, adding an artistic touch to modern or Zen-inspired spaces.
Ficus Alii (Banana Leaf Fig)
Ficus alii, or the Banana Leaf Fig, features long, narrow, banana-like leaves that give it a sleek, tropical appearance. Growing 6–8 feet indoors or taller in zones 10–11, it prefers bright, indirect light and well-draining soil. Water when the top inch of soil is dry, and maintain moderate humidity to keep leaves vibrant. Less prone to leaf drop than Ficus benjamina, it’s a great choice for beginners seeking a resilient houseplant.
Ficus Pumila (Creeping Fig)
Ficus pumila, known as the Creeping Fig, is a vining ficus with small, heart-shaped leaves, ideal as a ground cover or wall-climbing plant. Indoors, it grows in hanging baskets or on trellises, while outdoors in zones 9–11, it can cover walls or fences. It thrives in bright, indirect light and moist, well-draining soil, watered when the top inch is dry. Its delicate, dense foliage adds a lush, green curtain to patios or indoor spaces.
Ficus Carica (Common Fig)
Ficus carica, the Common Fig, is an outdoor fruit-bearing tree grown for its sweet, edible figs. Reaching 10–30 feet in zones 7–10, it prefers full sun and well-draining soil, with moderate watering to support fruit production. Its broad, lobed leaves add a Mediterranean charm to gardens, and it can be grown in containers for smaller spaces. Non-toxic to pets, the Common Fig is deciduous, losing leaves in winter, unlike most evergreen ficus.
Ficus Religiosa (Sacred Fig)
Ficus religiosa, the Sacred Fig or Bodhi Tree, holds cultural significance as the tree under which Buddha attained enlightenment. Growing up to 100 feet in zones 10–12, it’s primarily an outdoor tree with heart-shaped leaves featuring a distinctive pointed tip. It thrives in full sun and well-draining soil, with regular watering during establishment. Indoors, it’s challenging due to its size but can be grown as a bonsai.
Ficus Retusa (Chinese Banyan)
Ficus retusa, or the Chinese Banyan, is a popular bonsai tree with small, glossy green leaves and a smooth, gray trunk. Typically 1–3 feet indoors, it can reach 50 feet outdoors in zones 9–11. It prefers bright, indirect light and well-draining soil, watered when the top inch is dry. High humidity and regular misting keep it healthy, making it ideal for bonsai enthusiasts or small spaces.
Ficus Umbellata
Ficus umbellata is an emerging houseplant star with large, round, heart-shaped leaves and a slender, upright stem. Growing 4–8 feet indoors or taller in zones 10–11, it thrives in bright, indirect light and well-draining soil. Water when the top inch is dry, and maintain moderate humidity to prevent leaf drop. Its open, airy foliage suits minimalist or bohemian decor, making it a striking focal point for living rooms.
Ficus Audrey (Ficus Benghalensis)
Ficus audrey, or Ficus benghalensis, is a close relative of the Fiddle Leaf Fig with velvety, oval green leaves and a less demanding care routine. Growing 5–10 feet indoors or up to 100 feet outdoors in zones 10–12, it prefers bright, indirect light and well-draining soil. Water when the top inch is dry, and ensure good air circulation to avoid leaf issues. Its lush foliage and sturdy trunk make it ideal for spacious rooms or tropical gardens.
Ficus Altissima (Yellow Gem)
Ficus altissima, or the Yellow Gem, is a vibrant outdoor or indoor tree with large, glossy green leaves featuring subtle yellow variegation. Reaching 6–10 feet indoors or 50–100 feet outdoors in zones 10–11, it thrives in bright, indirect light and well-draining soil. Water when the top inch is dry, and provide high humidity for optimal growth. Its bold foliage adds a tropical flair to patios or large indoor spaces, and it’s less prone to leaf drop than other ficus.
Ficus Tineke (Variegated Rubber Plant)
Ficus Tineke, a variegated cultivar of Ficus elastica, is a vibrant houseplant with large, glossy leaves featuring green, cream, and pinkish hues. Growing 4–8 feet indoors or taller in zones 10–11, it thrives in bright, indirect light to maintain its colorful variegation. Water when the top inch of soil is dry, using a well-draining mix, and keep humidity moderate to prevent leaf drop. Its bold, multicolored foliage makes it a standout for modern or eclectic interiors.
Ficus Triangularis (Triangle Fig)
Ficus triangularis, or the Triangle Fig, is a unique houseplant with triangular, dark green leaves that give it a geometric appeal. Reaching 4–8 feet indoors or taller in zones 10–12, it prefers bright, indirect light and well-draining soil. Water when the top inch is dry, and maintain high humidity for lush growth. Its distinctive foliage suits contemporary or minimalist decor, perfect for corners or as a statement piece.
Ficus Cyathistipula (African Fig)
Ficus cyathistipula, the African Fig, is a robust indoor or outdoor tree with glossy, elongated green leaves and a dense, bushy habit. Growing 5–10 feet indoors or up to 30 feet in zones 10–11, it thrives in bright, indirect light and well-draining soil. Water when the top 1–2 inches are dry, and provide moderate humidity. Its lush foliage makes it ideal for tropical gardens or spacious living rooms.
Ficus Maclellandii (Banana Leaf Fig Variant)
Ficus maclellandii, a variant of Ficus alii, features long, narrow, willow-like leaves with a glossy finish, resembling a banana leaf. Growing 6–10 feet indoors or taller in zones 10–11, it prefers bright, indirect light and well-draining soil. Water when the top inch is dry, and mist to boost humidity. Its slender foliage suits modern or tropical interiors, ideal for corners or entryways. Toxic to pets, this ficus is less finicky than Ficus benjamina, making it beginner-friendly. Ficus maclellandii offers a sleek, elegant look with easy care.
Ficus Pandurata (Bushy Fig)
Ficus pandurata, or the Bushy Fig, is a lesser-known houseplant with broad, fiddle-shaped leaves similar to Ficus lyrata but with a more compact, bushy growth. Reaching 4–6 feet indoors or taller in zones 10–12, it thrives in bright, indirect light and well-draining soil. Water when the top inch is dry, and maintain high humidity to prevent leaf issues. Its lush, rounded form suits tabletops or small spaces.
Ficus Petiolaris
Ficus petiolaris is a striking indoor or outdoor tree with heart-shaped, green leaves featuring pinkish-red veins and petioles. Growing 3–6 feet indoors or up to 20 feet in zones 9–11, it prefers bright, indirect light and well-draining soil. Water when the top inch is dry, and provide high humidity for vibrant foliage. Its unique veining makes it a focal point for bohemian or tropical interiors.
Ficus Deltoidea (Mistletoe Fig)
Ficus deltoidea, the Mistletoe Fig, is a compact shrub with small, rounded, dark green leaves and small, inedible fig-like fruits. Growing 2–4 feet indoors or up to 10 feet in zones 10–11, it thrives in bright, indirect light and well-draining soil. Water when the top inch is dry, and mist regularly for humidity. Its delicate foliage suits bonsai or small-space displays, adding charm to modern or cottage-style decor.
Ficus Binnendijkii (Narrow Leaf Fig)
Ficus binnendijkii, or the Narrow Leaf Fig, features long, slender, dark green leaves, giving it a feathery, elegant appearance. Growing 5–8 feet indoors or taller in zones 10–11, it prefers bright, indirect light and well-draining soil. Water when the top inch is dry, and maintain moderate humidity. Its airy foliage is ideal for modern interiors or as a privacy screen outdoors.
Ficus Rubiginosa (Rusty Fig)
Ficus rubiginosa, the Rusty Fig, is an outdoor tree with glossy, oval green leaves and a rusty-brown underside, giving it a distinctive look. Reaching 20–50 feet in zones 9–11 or smaller as a potted indoor plant, it thrives in full sun to partial shade and well-draining soil. Water moderately, allowing soil to dry slightly between waterings. Its dense canopy suits shade gardens or patios.
Ficus Sagittata (Trailing Fig)
Ficus sagittata, the Trailing Fig, is a vining ficus with small, arrow-shaped green leaves, perfect for hanging baskets or climbing supports. Growing 2–4 feet indoors or as a ground cover in zones 10–11, it thrives in bright, indirect light and moist, well-draining soil. Water when the top inch is dry, and mist for humidity. Its delicate vines add a cascading effect to bohemian or tropical decor.
Ficus Auriculata (Elephant Ear Fig)
Ficus auriculata, or the Elephant Ear Fig, is known for its large, round, glossy green leaves resembling elephant ears. Growing 6–10 feet indoors or up to 30 feet in zones 10–12, it prefers bright, indirect light and well-draining soil. Water when the top inch is dry, and provide high humidity. Its dramatic foliage suits spacious rooms or tropical gardens.
Ficus Ingens (Red-Leafed Fig)
Ficus ingens, the Red-Leafed Fig, features large, oval leaves with reddish-bronze new growth, maturing to deep green. Growing 5–8 feet indoors or up to 40 feet in zones 10–11, it thrives in bright, indirect light and well-draining soil. Water when the top inch is dry, and maintain moderate humidity. Its striking foliage makes it a focal point for modern or tropical interiors.