Agave victoriae-reginae, the Queen Victoria agave or royal agave, is a small species of succulent flowering perennial plant, noted for its streaks of white on sculptured geometrical leaves, and popular as an ornamental.
A. victoriae-reginae is found in the Chihuahuan Desert in the Mexican States of Coahuila, Durango and Nuevo León, with about a half-dozen subspecies named. The situation is complicated by hybrids with a number of other agave species. Although it faces some local threats, the population of the species as a whole is stable, and it is not considered by the IUCN to be threatened.
The Queen Victoria agave is a great choice for those that would like to grow succulents outdoors for most or even all of the year. Although the species prefers temperatures above freezing (0 °C) year-round, it can deal with light frost as long as its soil is kept dry. In climates that get a lot of rain and/or frost during wintertime, you might want to move your Queen Victoria agave indoors during the harshest months.
Characteristics
- A compact, symmetrical, and highly ornamental succulent with dark green leaves adorned by striking white streaks along the edges and tips.
- The rosette shape is tight and neat, often growing up to 12–18 inches (30–45 cm) in diameter.
- It is a slow-growing species, taking several years to mature, making it ideal for long-term landscaping or container gardening.
- Typically grows to about 12–18 inches tall and 18–24 inches wide, making it suitable for small spaces.
- Like other agaves, it is monocarpic, flowering once at the end of its life cycle, which can take 20 to 30 years. The flowering stalk can reach up to 10–15 feet with cream-colored or reddish flowers.
- Its lifespan is relatively long due to its slow growth, and offsets (“pups”) can be used for propagation after the main plant flowers and dies.
- Native to the Chihuahuan Desert in northeastern Mexico, it thrives in rocky, dry terrain and is well-adapted to arid conditions.
Cultivation
- Prefers full sunlight for optimal growth, but can tolerate partial shade. In extremely hot climates, some afternoon shade may prevent sunburn on leaves.
- Requires well-draining soil, such as sandy or gravelly soil. Avoid heavy clay to prevent root rot. A succulent or cactus soil mix works well.
- Water sparingly, allowing the soil to dry completely between waterings. Overwatering is the most common cause of failure. During winter dormancy, reduce watering significantly.
- Hardy in USDA zones 8–11, it can withstand temperatures as low as 10°F (-12°C) if kept dry. Protect from frost in colder regions.
- Propagates primarily through offsets (pups), which can be separated from the parent plant once they are large enough.
- Feed with a balanced, diluted fertilizer during the growing season (spring and summer). Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can disrupt its natural growth pattern.
- Pest and Disease Management:
- Generally pest-resistant, though mealybugs or scale insects may occasionally appear. Ensure proper air circulation and avoid excess moisture to prevent fungal issues.
- Its compact size and unique aesthetic make it a favorite for rock gardens, xeriscapes, and container gardening.