The peanut cactus, known scientifically as Echinopsis chamaecereus, hails from the mountainous regions of Argentina. Specifically, it originates from around bushes and rocks in the province of Tucumán, where it grows in a habitat that is both dry and rocky, perfect for its shallow root system. The stems of this cactus are elongated, cylindrical, and slightly curved, much like the shape of peanuts. These stems, which grow in clusters, give the plant a sprawling, peanut-like appearance.
Initially discovered and described by Italian-Argentinian botanist Carlo Luigi Spegazzini in the early 20th century, it was first known under the name Cereus silvestrii. Over time, taxonomic reevaluations led to its current classification in the genus Echinopsis. The peanut cactus became popular in horticulture due to its unique appearance and ease of care, becoming a common houseplant and garden addition in regions with suitable climates or indoors elsewhere.
Characteristics
- Appearance: This cactus is notable for its clustering, mat-forming growth habit. It features numerous finger-like or peanut-shaped stems that can grow to about 6 inches (15 cm) long and 12 inches (30 cm) wide. The stems are pale green, with 8 to 10 ribs, and are adorned with soft, small white bristles instead of sharp spines, making it relatively safe for handling.
- Flowers: In late spring to early summer, the peanut cactus blooms with vibrant orange or red, funnel-shaped flowers that are about 2 inches (5 cm) in diameter. These flowers add a splash of color and are a highlight of the plant’s growth cycle.
USDA Zones
- Hardiness: The peanut cactus is hardy in USDA zones 10 to 12. This means it can survive outdoors year-round in regions with mild winters, like southern Florida, Texas, and parts of California and Arizona. In cooler climates, it’s often grown as a houseplant or needs to be brought indoors during winter.
Cultivation
- Light: It thrives in full sun, which promotes flowering and spine production, but in areas with hot summers, some afternoon shade might be beneficial to prevent scorching.
- Soil: A well-draining cactus mix is crucial, often consisting of 50-70% mineral grit like coarse sand, pumice, or perlite mixed with cactus soil or peat moss.
- Watering: Water sparingly, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings to avoid root rot. In winter, reduce watering significantly or stop altogether if kept in cooler conditions.
- Temperature: It prefers temperatures between 50°F (10°C) and 80°F (27°C). It can tolerate short periods of cold down to 18°F (-8°C) but should be protected from frost.
- Propagation: Easily propagated by detaching the stem segments, which root readily. This can be done by laying the segments on top of well-draining soil until roots form.
- Pest and Disease: Generally pest-resistant, but watch for common pests like mealybugs. Overwatering is the main cause of disease, leading to rot.