The Fullmoon Maple is a species of Japanese maple (Acer japonicum), that is usually a small tree or large shrub. This tree is native to mountainous areas of Japan, Manchuria, and Korea. This species has rounded, palmate leaves that resemble the shape of a full moon, that’s how the maple got its common name.
Fullmoon Maple typically grows to a height of 20-30 feet and has oval-shaped leaves 6-8 inches long. The tree has a rounded form and typically reaches 10-15 feet tall and wide at maturity, although some specimens can grow larger.
Full Moon Maple is considered a slow to moderate grower. It typically grows at a rate of 6 to 12 inches per year, depending on growing conditions. This means that it may take several years for the tree to reach its mature height of 20 to 30 feet. The slow growth rate allows the tree to develop a strong and extensive root system, anchoring it firmly in the ground. It also contributes to the tree’s compact growth habit and attractive form.
The leaves of the Fullmoon Maple are rounded, palmate, and almost fern-like, with a medium green color. They are deeply divided into 7 to 11 lobes, which are acuminate, toothed, and cut. The leaves are approximately 3 to 6 inches wide and long. During the growing season, the leaves are a rich green color. In the fall, they turn brilliant shades of red, orange, and yellow.
It produces small, attractive reddish flowers in the spring before its leaves appear. These flowers are not particularly showy from a distance but are interesting close-up. They form upright clusters and add an early season interest to the tree. The flowering period of Fullmoon Maple typically occurs in April, providing a lovely display before the foliage emerges. These flowers give way to winged samaras, which ripen in late summer to early fall.
Fullmoon Maple grows best in well-drained, moist soil, with a soil pH of 6.0-7.5. It is hardy in USDA zones 5-7, which means it can tolerate temperatures as low as -20 degrees Fahrenheit. It performs poorly in regions with hot summers.
Popular Cultivars
The Fullmoon Maple has several cultivars, each with its own unique leaf characteristics.
- Acer japonicum ‘Aconitifolium’: Also known as Fern-Leaf Maple, this cultivar has deeply cut, fern-like leaves and is particularly prized for its intense fall color.
- Acer japonicum ‘Aureum’: This cultivar features chartreuse or golden leaves, adding a bright and cheerful touch to the garden.
- Acer japonicum ‘Green Cascade’: This variety has a weeping habit and finely dissected leaves, creating a graceful, cascading effect.
Prunning
- Timing: The best time to prune a Fullmoon Maple is during its dormant period, which is late winter or early spring before new growth starts. This timing minimizes stress on the tree and allows it to heal quickly.
- Tools: Use sharp, clean pruning shears or loppers to make clean cuts. Disinfect tools between cuts if pruning diseased branches to prevent spreading diseases.
- Identify Branches to Prune: Look for dead, diseased, or damaged branches. Also, remove any branches that are crossing or rubbing against each other, as well as those growing towards the center of the tree (as opposed to outwards).
- Remove Dead or Damaged Branches: Cut off dead branches at the base. For diseased branches, prune back to healthy wood and dispose of the diseased parts carefully to avoid spreading the disease.
- Prune for Shape and Airflow: To maintain the tree’s natural shape, lightly thin out the canopy by removing some branches. This will also improve air circulation, reducing the risk of diseases.
- Cutting Techniques: Make cuts just above a bud or lateral branch. This encourages the tree to heal faster and prevents the formation of dead stubs.
- Don’t Over-Prune: Avoid removing more than 20-30% of the tree’s canopy in one year. Over-pruning can cause stress and make the tree more vulnerable to diseases.
- After Care: After pruning, water the tree well and apply a layer of mulch around the base to help retain moisture and protect the roots.