The United States National Arboretum developed the “Brandywine” red maple (Acer rubrum) by crossing an “October Glory” and an “Autumn Flame” maple. This cross resulted in a tree that is tolerant to leafhopper – one of the main pests of red maples. This Maple is a relatively new cultivar, having been developed in the 1980s by a horticulturist named Michael Dirr. It was introduced to the nursery trade in 1995. “Brandywine” maples grow well in United States Department of Agriculture hardiness zones 4 through 9 in most all soil conditions.
This deciduous tree has an upright, oval-shaped growth habit. It reaches a mature height of 25-35 feet with a spread of 15-25 feet, it fits well in both small and large yards. It has beautiful fall foliage, which turns from deep green to a rich burgundy-red hue. The best time to transplant a tree is in the spring before new growth emerges. This allows the tree to become established well before the onset of cool weather. This cultivar produces fewer seeds compared to other red maples.
Characteristics of Brandywine Maple Tree
- Brandywine Maple has a weeping growth habit.
- It is a medium-sized deciduous shrub or small tree that typically grows to 30 feet tall with a spread of 15 feet.
- The tree has deeply cut, feathery leaves that turn a brilliant burgundy red in the fall.
- The branches are cascading or arching.
- The bark is smooth and gray, with some exfoliation as the tree ages.
- Produce fewer seeds (samaras) compared to other red maples
- The Brandywine Maple blooms in the spring with small reddish-purple flowers that are followed by winged samaras that ripen in late summer or fall.
- The tree is hardy in USDA Hardiness Zones 4 to 9, which means it can tolerate a wide range of climates.
- It has a moderate growth rate, adding 6 to 12 inches of growth per year.
- Bloom Time: Early spring, before leaves appear.
- The lifespan can be quite long, with some trees living for 70 years or more if they are properly cared for and maintained.
- It is known for its resistance to leafhoppers and other pests.
- The tree prefers well-drained, slightly acidic soil and can tolerate full sun to part shade.
Cultivation
- Choose a spot with well-drained soil and full sun to partial shade. The tree prefers slightly acidic soil but can tolerate a range of soil types.
- Dig a hole twice as wide as the root ball and slightly shallower. Remove any grass or weeds from the area.
- Place the tree in the hole, ensuring the top of the root ball is level with the surrounding soil. Fill the hole with soil, firming it gently around the roots. Water thoroughly.
- Water the tree deeply immediately after planting. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Water every 7-10 days during the first year, and adjust as needed based on rainfall and soil moisture.
- Apply a layer of organic mulch around the base of the tree to help retain moisture and suppress weeds.
- Fertilize young trees annually in early spring with a balanced fertilizer. Mature trees generally don’t require fertilization, but if the soil is nutrient-poor, you can apply a slow-release fertilizer every few years.
- Prune in late winter or early spring to maintain the tree’s shape and remove any dead or diseased branches. Thin out the canopy to allow for better air circulation and light penetration.
- Common pests: Watch for aphids, scale insects, and leafhoppers. Use a horticultural oil or insecticidal soap to control pests.
- Diseases: Be on the lookout for leaf spots, powdery mildew, and tar spot. Remove infected leaves and apply a fungicide if necessary.