Maryland has a humid subtropical climate in most of the state, with hot, humid summers and mild to cool winters. The average summer temperatures range from 85°F (29°C) in the south to around 80°F (27°C) in the northern regions. Summer often brings frequent afternoon thunderstorms, which help provide rainfall for crops and gardens.
Winters in Maryland are generally cold but not extreme, with average temperatures ranging from 20°F to 40°F (−6°C to 4°C) in northern areas and slightly warmer along the coast. Snowfall varies widely, with northern and western parts of the state receiving heavier snow than the coastal regions. Periods of freezing temperatures are common, which are important for certain fruit trees to get the chilling hours they need.
Maryland’s climate is also moderated by its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and Chesapeake Bay, which helps prevent temperature extremes. The state receives moderate rainfall throughout the year, averaging about 40–45 inches (1000–1150 mm) annually. This combination of sun, rainfall, and seasonal temperature changes makes Maryland suitable for a wide variety of fruit trees and other crops.
Cultivating fruit trees in Maryland starts with choosing the right tree for the region. Cold-hardy varieties that can handle Maryland’s winter temperatures and get enough chilling hours are ideal. Trees should be planted in locations with full sun and well-drained soil to encourage healthy growth and fruit production.
Proper soil preparation and planting techniques are important. Adding organic matter, testing soil pH, and ensuring good drainage help young trees establish strong roots. Spacing trees correctly also improves air circulation, reducing the risk of disease and allowing sunlight to reach all parts of the tree.
Fruit Trees that Can Grow In Maryland Climate
Apple (Malus domestica)
Apple trees thrive in Maryland thanks to the region’s cold winters, which provide the chilling hours they need for proper fruiting. Popular varieties for the area include ‘Honeycrisp,’ ‘Red Delicious,’ and ‘Gala.’ They require well-drained soil and benefit from full sun. Regular pruning helps maintain tree shape and fruit production.
Peach (Prunus persica)
Peach trees grow well in Maryland but need careful attention to prevent diseases like peach leaf curl. Varieties such as ‘Elberta’ and ‘Redhaven’ are commonly grown. They need full sunlight, well-drained soil, and moderate watering. Early spring frost protection may be necessary to ensure a good fruit set.
Pear (Pyrus communis)
Pears are hardy in Maryland and can tolerate cold winters better than some other fruit trees. Varieties like ‘Bartlett’ and ‘Bosc’ do well. They prefer full sun and soil that retains moisture but drains well. Pear trees are also less prone to pest problems compared to other fruit trees.
Cherry (Prunus avium / Prunus cerasus)
Both sweet and sour cherries can grow in Maryland, though sour cherries like ‘Montmorency’ are easier to grow and more cold-hardy. Cherry trees require well-drained soil, full sunlight, and protection from birds. Cross-pollination may be needed for some sweet varieties to bear fruit.
Plum (Prunus domestica)
Plum trees, such as ‘Stanley’ or ‘Methley,’ do well in Maryland’s climate. They need well-drained soil and full sun exposure. Some plum varieties require cross-pollination, so planting two compatible trees can improve fruit yield. Pruning in late winter helps maintain tree health and productivity.
Fig (Ficus carica)
While figs are more associated with warmer climates, cold-hardy varieties like ‘Chicago Hardy’ can survive Maryland winters with some protection. They prefer full sun and slightly acidic, well-drained soil. Mulching and covering in winter can help them survive colder temperatures.
Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana)
The American persimmon is native to the eastern United States and grows well in Maryland. It produces sweet, orange fruit in the fall and is highly adaptable to different soil types. Persimmons are low-maintenance, drought-tolerant, and do not require extensive care, making them ideal for backyard orchards.
Nectarine (Prunus persica var. nucipersica)
Nectarines are very similar to peaches but have smooth skin. Varieties like ‘Flavortop’ and ‘Goldmine’ do well in Maryland’s climate. They need full sun, well-drained soil, and protection from late frosts. Regular pruning helps prevent disease and encourages larger, sweeter fruit.
Apricot (Prunus armeniaca)
Apricot trees can grow in Maryland, though they are somewhat sensitive to late spring frosts. Varieties such as ‘Harcot’ and ‘Moorpark’ are hardy enough for the region. They prefer sunny locations with well-drained soil. Pruning and thinning the fruit help improve air circulation and reduce disease risk.
Mulberry (Morus spp.)
Mulberry trees are extremely adaptable and can grow in Maryland without much care. Varieties like ‘Illinois Everbearing’ produce sweet, dark berries over a long season. Mulberries tolerate a wide range of soils and are drought-resistant once established, making them low-maintenance and highly productive.
Pawpaw (Asimina triloba)
Native to the eastern U.S., pawpaw trees thrive in Maryland’s climate. They produce tropical-tasting fruits with a custard-like texture. Pawpaws prefer partially shaded areas and moist, fertile soil. Cross-pollination between at least two trees is needed for good fruit production.
Black Walnut (Juglans nigra)
Though primarily grown for its timber and nuts, black walnut trees produce edible nuts that are highly prized. They thrive in Maryland, preferring deep, fertile soil and full sun. Black walnuts can grow very large, so they are ideal for spacious yards or orchards. Be aware they produce a chemical called juglone, which can inhibit growth of some nearby plants.
Chestnut (Castanea spp.)
Chestnut trees, especially blight-resistant varieties like ‘Chinese chestnut,’ can grow well in Maryland. They require full sun and well-drained soil. Chestnuts take several years to mature but produce abundant nuts once established. They are hardy and resistant to many common pests.
Elderberry (Sambucus canadensis)
Elderberries are hardy shrubs or small trees that grow well in Maryland. They produce clusters of small, dark berries that are excellent for jams, syrups, and wines. Elderberries prefer moist, well-drained soil and full sun to partial shade. They are fast-growing and can also attract pollinators to the garden.