Pear cracking, sometimes called fruit splitting, is a common problem that can surprise even experienced growers. It usually appears as deep splits in the skin, often near the stem or along the sides of the fruit. While cracked pears may still be edible, the damage reduces their quality and makes them more vulnerable to pests and disease.
Sudden Changes in Water Availability
The most common cause of pear cracking is irregular watering. When a tree experiences a dry period followed by heavy rain or excessive irrigation, the fruit rapidly absorbs water. The inside of the pear expands faster than the skin can stretch, causing the skin to split. This is especially common late in the growing season when fruits are already near full size.
Rapid Fruit Growth
Pears grow quickly during certain stages of development. If conditions suddenly become ideal—such as warm temperatures combined with abundant moisture—the fruit may swell too fast. The skin, which has limited elasticity, cannot keep up with this rapid expansion, leading to cracking. Some pear varieties are naturally more prone to this than others.
Temperature Fluctuations
Sharp changes between hot days and cool nights can stress the fruit’s skin. Heat increases internal pressure as the fruit expands, while cooler temperatures slow the skin’s ability to adjust. Repeated temperature swings weaken the fruit surface over time, making cracks more likely to form.
Nutrient Imbalances
Improper nutrition can also play a role. Low calcium levels weaken cell walls in the fruit skin, reducing its strength and flexibility. Excessive nitrogen, on the other hand, can encourage fast, soft growth, which increases the risk of splitting. Balanced soil nutrition helps pears develop stronger, more resilient skins.
Pest and Disease Stress
Insects, fungal infections, or physical damage to young fruit can create weak spots in the skin. As the pear grows, these weakened areas may tear open. Even minor injuries early in development can become large cracks later in the season.
Humidity and Heavy Dew
High humidity levels or frequent heavy dew can increase the amount of moisture absorbed through the fruit skin. When this surface moisture combines with internal water uptake from the roots, pressure inside the pear increases. Over time, this added stress can contribute to skin splitting, especially in tightly clustered fruits with limited air circulation.
Root Stress and Poor Drainage
Poorly drained soils can cause roots to alternate between water stress and saturation. This irregular root activity affects how water is delivered to the fruit. When roots suddenly absorb large amounts of water after being stressed, pears may swell unevenly, increasing the likelihood of cracking.
Late Harvesting
Leaving pears on the tree longer than recommended can also increase cracking. As fruit reaches full maturity, the skin becomes less elastic while the flesh continues to expand. Overripe pears are therefore more prone to splitting, particularly after rainfall or irrigation close to harvest time.
How to Reduce Pear Cracking
Consistent watering is the most effective prevention method. Providing steady moisture, especially during dry periods, helps fruit grow at a stable rate. Mulching around the tree can regulate soil moisture and temperature. Proper fertilization, avoiding excess nitrogen, and ensuring adequate calcium levels also support healthy fruit development. Choosing crack-resistant varieties can further reduce the problem.