Ducks that nest in trees are fascinating examples of adaptation and survival. Unlike most waterfowl that prefer ground-level nesting near ponds or reeds, these birds seek out tree cavities, often several feet above the ground. They take advantage of natural hollows or abandoned woodpecker holes, which provide shelter and protection from ground predators.
The high nests serve a practical purpose, keeping eggs and hatchlings safe from foxes, raccoons, and other land-based threats. Inside these tree hollows, the birds line the space with soft down feathers, creating a warm and secure chamber for their young. The location also helps regulate temperature and offers a dry environment during heavy rains or flooding.
When the eggs hatch, the tiny ducklings face an incredible challenge. Within a day or two, they must leap from the nest opening to the ground or water below, guided only by the sound of their parent calling. Despite the drop often being several meters high, the lightweight chicks land safely thanks to their soft bodies and natural resilience. This daring descent is one of the most remarkable sights in the natural world.
These tree-nesting ducks often live near wooded wetlands, lakes, or rivers surrounded by old trees suitable for nesting cavities. They rely heavily on the health of these ecosystems, which provide both nesting sites and feeding grounds. Fallen logs, overhanging branches, and calm waters nearby make ideal conditions for raising their broods.
Ducks that Nest in Trees
Wood Duck (Aix sponsa)
Found in: North America.
The most famous tree-nesting duck in North America. The female seeks out natural cavities in trees, often near water, and can lay up to 15 eggs inside. The ducklings are remarkable for their “leap of faith,” jumping from the nest hole—which can be over 50 feet high—to the ground or water just a day after hatching, urged by their mother’s call from below.
Mandarin Duck (Aix galericulata)
Found in: East Asia (native) and established populations in Europe and the UK.
A close relative of the Wood Duck, the Mandarin is equally adapted to life in trees. The male is one of the world’s most ornate birds with its spectacular, multi-colored plumage. They nest in tree cavities in dense, wooded habitats near lakes, marshes, and ponds.
Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata)
Found in: Mexico, Central, and South America (wild populations).
The wild Muscovy is a large, black-and-white duck that is a strong flier and percher. It naturally nests in large tree cavities, often high up. This trait has been passed down to many domestic Muscovies, which will also readily use elevated nest boxes.
Common Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula)
Found in: Boreal forests of North America and Eurasia.
A diving duck that is a secondary cavity nester, meaning it uses holes excavated by woodpeckers, particularly the Northern Flicker. They do not add nesting material. The ducklings use their sharp claws to climb out of the nest and then jump to the ground to follow their mother to water.
Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola)
Found in: North America.
A small, feisty diving duck that is almost entirely dependent on old Northern Flicker holes for nesting. The female is small enough to fit into these cavities, which are often found in trees near ponds and lakes. Like the Goldeneye, the ducklings must jump from the nest shortly after hatching.
Hooded Merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus)
Found in: North America.
A small, fish-eating duck with a distinctive fan-shaped crest. It is a cavity nester, using natural tree holes or nest boxes near wooded wetlands. The ducklings leave the nest within 24 hours of hatching, leaping to the ground and scurrying to water.
Black-bellied Whistling-Duck (Dendrocygna autumnalis)
Found in: Southern United States, Mexico, and Central and South America.
This unusual duck often perches in trees and readily nests in tree cavities. It has also adapted to using man-made structures like nest boxes and even the tops of palm trees. They are known for their long legs and whistling calls.
African Pygmy-goose (Nettapus auritus)
Found in: Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar.
One of the world’s smallest waterfowl, this dabbling duck is a proficient tree nester. It uses tree cavities, often those created by woodpeckers or barbets, typically over or near water. Despite its name, it is a true perching duck.
Ringed Teal (Callonetta leucophrys)
Found in: South America (primarily in northern Argentina, Paraguay, and southern Brazil).
A small, beautifully marked duck of tropical forests. It is a cavity nester, using holes in trees near secluded ponds and marshes. The male has a distinctive black-and-white ringed pattern on its body.
Brazilian Teal (Amazonetta brasiliensis)
Found in: South America.
A small, social duck found in a variety of wetland habitats. It is a capable tree nester, utilizing hollows in trees. It is less dependent on cavities than other species and may also nest on the ground in dense vegetation.