Tiger Jaws, scientifically known as Faucaria tigrina, belongs to the genus Faucaria within the family Aizoaceae, commonly referred to as the fig-marigold or ice plant family. This family is known for its succulent plants, often adapted to arid conditions. The genus name Faucaria derives from the Latin word “fauces,” meaning “jaws” or “throat,” an apt description for the plant’s distinctive, tooth-like leaf margins. Faucaria tigrina is characterized by its thick, triangular leaves that mimic the appearance of an open animal jaw with soft, harmless “teeth” along the edges.
The first documented discovery of Faucaria tigrina was in 1789 during an expedition by Francis Masson, who was commissioned by the King of England to collect plants for the Kew Royal Botanical Gardens. The specimens of F. tigrina were sent to Adrian Haworth, a gardener at Kew, who recognized them as a new species. Since then, Faucaria tigrina has been cultivated as an ornamental plant due to its unique appearance and ease of care, becoming a popular choice among succulent enthusiasts around the world.
This succulent is native to South Africa, specifically thriving in the Eastern and Western Cape provinces. It grows in environments characterized by rocky outcrops and sandy, well-drained soils, where it benefits from the coastal fogs that provide moisture in an otherwise arid climate. The plant’s adaptations, like its leaf “teeth,” help in collecting and directing water vapor to the roots, showcasing its specialized survival strategy in such habitats.
Faucaria tigrina is best suited to zones 9 to 11. Here, it can tolerate temperatures down to about 25°F (-4°C) for short periods if kept dry, but protection from frost is advisable to prevent damage. In regions with colder winters, it’s commonly grown as a houseplant or in containers that can be moved indoors during winter. The plant is drought-tolerant and enjoys the warmth and light of these zones, making it a good candidate for both indoor and outdoor cultivation in appropriate climates. Its ability to thrive in USDA Zone 9a, with temperatures that can dip to 20-25°F (-6.7 to -4°C), underscores its resilience but also highlights the need for some care during colder snaps in these marginal zones.
Tiger Jaws (Faucaria tigrina): Characteristics
- Appearance: Tiger Jaws are distinctive for their fleshy, triangular leaves that resemble open jaws with soft, white, bristle-like teeth along the edges. This gives the plant a unique, almost predatory look, though the “teeth” are completely harmless.
- Size: The plant typically grows in a compact form, with clusters of leaves forming rosettes that can reach up to about 3 inches (7.5 cm) in diameter. The whole plant usually stays under 6 inches (15 cm) in height, making it an excellent choice for small spaces or container gardens.
- Leaves: The leaves are thick and succulent, designed to store water, which is an adaptation to its arid native environment. They are a vibrant green, often with a slight translucency, and can turn reddish or develop spots under intense sunlight or stress.
- Flowers: In late summer or early autumn, Faucaria tigrina produces bright yellow, daisy-like flowers that contrast starkly with its foliage. These flowers are relatively large compared to the plant’s size, with diameters up to 2 inches (5 cm), and they last for several days, attracting pollinators like bees.
- Growth Rate: It has a moderate growth rate, with new offsets or “pups” forming around the base of the plant, which can be separated for propagation. However, it doesn’t grow quickly, reflecting its adaptation to environments where rapid growth isn’t necessary or sustainable.
- Bloom Time: Blooming typically occurs in late summer to early fall, though this can vary slightly based on environmental conditions or indoor cultivation. Flowers open during the day and close at night, maximizing their exposure to pollinators.
- Lifespan: As a perennial succulent, Faucaria tigrina can live for many years with proper care. Its lifespan can be extended through propagation, where new plants are grown from offsets, essentially cloning the parent plant.
Tiger Jaws (Faucaria tigrina): Cultivation
Light
Provide bright, indirect light or morning sun. Direct afternoon sun can be too intense, especially in summer, potentially causing leaf burn. A south-facing window with some shade or a spot with filtered light works well indoors.
Soil
Use a well-draining succulent or cactus mix. A combination of potting soil, coarse sand, and perlite or pumice ensures quick drainage, which is crucial to prevent root rot. The soil should mimic the rocky, sandy conditions of its natural habitat.
Watering
Water sparingly; allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings. Overwatering is a common cause of death in succulents like Tiger Jaws. In the growing season (spring to fall), water might be needed every 2-3 weeks, but in winter, reduce watering to once a month or less, depending on the environment.
Temperature
Ideal temperatures for growth are between 60°F to 80°F (16°C to 27°C). They can tolerate cooler temperatures down to about 50°F (10°C) but protect from frost. During winter, a cooler, drier period can help induce blooming in spring.
Humidity
Tiger Jaws are adapted to low humidity, so typical indoor conditions are usually fine. If grown in a very humid environment, increase air circulation around the plant to prevent moisture-related issues.
Fertilization
Fertilize lightly during the growing season with a balanced, low-nitrogen, slow-release fertilizer or a diluted liquid fertilizer formulated for cacti and succulents. Too much fertilizer can lead to leggy growth without promoting blooming.
Repotting
Repot every 2-3 years or when the plant outgrows its pot, using a shallow container to accommodate its shallow root system. Spring is the best time for repotting, allowing new growth to establish before the active growing season.
Propagation
Propagation is easily done through offsets or leaf cuttings. Offsets can be gently separated from the parent plant and planted directly into well-draining soil. Leaf cuttings should be allowed to callus over for a few days before planting to reduce the risk of rot.
Pest Management
Watch for common succulent pests like mealybugs or spider mites. If pests are spotted, isolate the plant and treat with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Good air circulation and regular checks can prevent infestations.
Dormancy:
During winter, Tiger Jaws enter a dormancy phase where they require less water and can tolerate cooler temperatures. This period can help stimulate blooming in the following season.
Flowering
To encourage blooming, ensure the plant gets plenty of light, and maintain a cooler, drier period in winter. Flowers typically appear in late summer or early fall, providing a striking contrast to the foliage.
Container Gardening
Ideal for container gardening due to its small size and low water needs. Choose pots with drainage holes to prevent water from accumulating at the bottom. Shallow pots work best to match the plant’s root system.