Goldfish Plants also referred to as Columnea spp. are houseplants cherished for their unique, fish-shaped flowers that seem to swim among the foliage. Native to the tropical rainforests of Central and South America, these plants are epiphytes, growing on trees or rocks, which is reflected in their care needs for high humidity and indirect light.
Their natural habitat influences their preference for conditions that mimic the warm, moist forest understory, making them a favorite for indoor gardeners who can provide such an environment. The genus Columnea encompasses a variety of species, each with its own twist on the classic goldfish flower, ranging in color from bright orange and red to yellow, enhancing their appeal as ornamental plants.
Goldfish Plants are particularly suitable for hanging baskets, where their flowers can cascade down, creating a vivid display. The foliage of Columnea species varies from lush green to variegated or even purplish hues, adding to their decorative value even when not in bloom. Flowers appear throughout the year, with peak blooming often in spring and summer, providing a continuous show of color. Their flowers are not just visually appealing but also serve an ecological purpose, attracting hummingbirds and butterflies in their native habitats, a trait that can be observed in outdoor settings where they’re planted.
They thrive in bright, indirect light, avoiding the harshness of direct sun which can scorch their leaves. Watering should maintain consistent moisture in the soil without making it soggy; overwatering can lead to root rot, a common issue if their epiphytic nature isn’t respected. High humidity is crucial, often achieved through misting, using a pebble tray, or positioning them in naturally humid areas like bathrooms. They also appreciate temperatures that don’t drop below 65°F (18°C), reflecting their tropical origins. Fertilization during the growing season supports their flowering, but it should be done sparingly to prevent over-fertilization.
Propagation of Goldfish Plants is relatively straightforward, making them accessible for expanding plant collections or sharing with others. Stem cuttings can be rooted in either water or soil, with nodes being the key areas for root development. This ease of propagation, combined with their striking appearance, positions Goldfish Plants as a rewarding choice for both novice and seasoned plant enthusiasts. However, they’re not without their challenges; pests like aphids or spider mites can be an issue, especially in less humid conditions.
Types of Goldfish Plants
Columnea gloriosa
Known for its hairy, purplish leaves and bright orange to red flowers, this species is a favorite for hanging baskets due to its trailing habit. The flowers have a slight yellow tip, enhancing their fish-like appearance.
Columnea hirta
Often called “Light Prince,” this variety features variegated leaves with white streaks, adding to its ornamental value. Its flowers are a bright orange, attracting pollinators like hummingbirds.
Columnea microphylla
A smaller-leaved species from Costa Rica, its blooms are bright orange or scarlet and appear in spring, continuing sporadically throughout the year. Ideal for smaller spaces or detailed plant arrangements.
Columnea x banksii
A hybrid known for its vibrant orange flowers with red tips. It’s gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit for its beauty and ease of cultivation. Its leaves are glossy and green.
Columnea crassifolia
Also known as the Flying Goldfish Plant, this species from Mexico and Guatemala has an upright growth initially before trailing. It boasts bright orange flowers.
Columnea purpureovittata
This plant features small, colorful leaves with a purplish tint, making it not just about the flowers but the foliage as well. Its flowers are typically red or orange.
Columnea schiedeana
With smaller, elongated leaves and vibrant red or orange flowers, this species is less common but cherished for its elegant blooms.
Columnea ‘Orange Popsicle’
True to its name, this cultivar displays vivid orange flowers that are slightly larger than some other varieties, offering a sweet contrast against its green foliage.
Columnea ‘Judith Barsi’
A hybrid with more significant and robust flowers than many others in the genus, providing a bold display of color.
Columnea ‘Light Prince’
A variegated version of C. hirta, this plant blooms with numerous charming orange flowers during winter, adding beauty to spaces even in colder months.
Columnea ‘Aladdin’s Lamp’
This cultivar stands out with its dark, almost black foliage contrasted by bright red flowers, making it a dramatic addition to any collection.
Columnea ‘Chanticleer’
Known for its tubular, yellow flowers with red tips, this variety adds a different color palette to the usual orange and red spectrum.
Columnea ‘Carnival’
A cultivar of C. x banksii, it has vibrant red flowers with a hint of yellow, creating a carnival-like atmosphere with its colorful display.
Columnea ‘Bijou’
A hybrid between N. wettsteinii and N. fritschii, this plant has red, crimson, and vinous flowers that stand out against its bright mauve leaf undersides, attracting both butterflies and hummingbirds.
Columnea ‘Green Magic’
With bright orange flowers against dark green foliage, this variety is named for the almost magical contrast it provides, enhancing any indoor or outdoor setting.